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Statistical Simulations
Modelithics models leverage equivalent-circuit architectures that not only provide highly accurate nominal performance prediction, but also enable realistic statistical analysis of component manufacturing tolerances. By defining component values with statistical distributions, designers can perform Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate how normal production variations may affect overall circuit performance before hardware is built.
For capacitor and inductor models, tolerances can be applied using Gaussian distributions centered on the nominal component value, allowing engineers to assess the impact of expected part-to-part variation on critical circuit metrics such as insertion loss, return loss, resonance frequency, bandwidth, and impedance matching. This capability is particularly valuable for filters, matching networks, oscillators, and other sensitivity-driven RF and microwave designs where small component deviations can lead to measurable performance shifts.
Monte Carlo analysis with Modelithics models provides insight into design robustness, expected production yield, and worst-case operating conditions. By accurately accounting for statistical component variation during simulation, engineers can identify tolerance-sensitive designs earlier in the development cycle, optimize performance margins, and reduce the risk of costly redesigns and additional prototype iterations. This results in more manufacturable products and greater confidence that measured hardware performance will align with simulation expectations.

Figure 1. Monte Carlo simulation (red) results using Gaussian distributions for the inductors and min/max/step (~bi-model) deviations for the capacitors (0.85/1.15/0.3) around the nominal value and measured data for 14 filter samples. The red curves are the statistical simulations and the other colors represent 14 measured filter samples.
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News and Resources
Explore recent news, design examples, videos, technical literature, including: application notes, blogs, published articles, white papers, and more. Discover the latest technologies, resources and insights to support your design and development efforts.
| Type | Title | Author | Date | Example Files |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White Papers | Understanding S-Parameter Vs. Equivalent Circuit-based Models For RLC Component Simulations In Keysight ADS And Genesys | Modelithics: Scott Skidmore, Laura Levesque, And Scott Muir, Along With Jason Boh And How-siang of Keysight Technologies | 12/04/2014 |
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| White Papers | Understanding S-Parameter Vs Equivalent Circuit-based Models For RLC Component Simulations With NI/AWR Microwave Office | Modelithics, Inc. | 11/20/2014 |
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| Application Note | Part Value Tolerance In Surface Mount Components | Modelithics, Inc. | 01/01/2014 |
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